Rock St4r

Punk rock

2007-05-07T13:07:00.000+07:00

Punk rock is an anti-establishment rock music genre and movement that emerged in the mid-1970s. Preceded by a variety of protopunk music of the 1960s and early 1970s, punk rock developed between 1974 and 1977 in the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia, where groups such as the Ramones, Sex Pistols, and The Clash were recognized as the vanguard of a new musical movement.

Punk bands, eschewing the perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock, created short, fast, hard music, with stripped-down instrumentation and often political or nihilistic lyrics. The associated punk subculture expresses youthful rebellion, distinctive clothing styles, a variety of anti-authoritarian ideologies, and a DIY (do it yourself) attitude.

Punk rock became a major phenomenon in the United Kingdom during the late 1970s; its popularity elsewhere was more limited. During the 1980s, forms of punk rock emerged in small scenes around the world, often rejecting commercial success and association with mainstream culture. By the turn of the century, punk rock's legacy had led to development of the alternative rock movement, and new punk bands popularized the genre decades after its first heyday.

Characteristics

The first wave of punk aimed to be aggressively modern, distancing itself from the bombast and sentimentality of early 1970s rock. According to Ramones drummer Tommy Ramone, "In its initial form, a lot of [1960s] stuff was innovative and exciting. Unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of Hendrix started noodling away. Soon you had endless solos that went nowhere. By 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock 'n' roll". Sex Pistols manager Malcolm McLaren recalls feeling "punk rock had to come along because the rock scene had become so tame that [acts] like Billy Joel and Simon and Garfunkel were being called rock and roll, when to me and other fans, rock and roll meant this wild and rebellious music". In critic Robert Christgau's description, "It was also a subculture that scornfully rejected the political idealism and Californian flower-power silliness of hippie myth". Patti Smith, in contrast, suggests in the documentary 25 Years of Punk That year, when punk broke nationwide in Great Britain, was to be both a musical and a cultural "Year Zero". that the hippies and the punks were linked by a common anti-establishment mentality. In any event, some of punk's leading figures made a show of rejecting not only mainstream rock and the broader culture it was associated with, but their own most celebrated predecessors: "No Elvis, Beatles or Rolling Stones in 1977", declared The Clash. Even as nostalgia was discarded, many in the scene adopted a nihilistic attitude summed up by the Sex Pistols slogan "No Future".

Punk bands often emulate the bare musical structures and arrangements of 1960s garage rock. This emphasis on accessibility exemplifies punk's DIY aesthetic and contrasts with what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands of the early and mid-1970s. A 1976 issue of the English punk fanzine Sideburns featured an illustration of three chords, captioned "This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. Now form a band".

Typical punk instrumentation includes one or two electric guitars, an electric bass, and a drum kit, along with vocals. In the early days of punk rock, musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion. According to Punk magazine founder John Holmstrom, punk was "rock and roll by people who didn't have very much skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music".

Punk vocals sometimes sound nasal, and are often shouted instead of sung in a conventional sense. Complicated guitar solos are considered self-indulgent and unnecessary, although basic guitar breaks are common. Guitar parts tend to include highly distorted power chords, although

UK punks, circa 1986

some punk bands have taken a surf rock approach with a lighter, twangier guitar tone. A wild, "gonzo" attack is sometimes employed, a style that stretches from Robert Quine, lead guitarist of seminal punk band The Voidoids, back through The Velvet Underground to the 1950s recordings of Ike Turner. Bass guitar lines are often basic and used to carry the song's melody, although some punk bass players such as Mike Watt put greater emphasis on more technical bass lines. Bassists often use a plectrum rather than fingerpicking due to the rapid succession of notes, which makes fingerpicking impractical. Drums typically sound heavy and dry, and often have a minimal set-up. Production is minimalistic, with tracks sometimes laid down on home tape recorders.

Punk songs are normally between two and two and a half minutes long, though many last for less than a minute. Most early punk songs retained a traditional rock 'n' roll verse-chorus form and 4/4 time signature. However, second wave punk bands—including bands from both the post-punk and hardcore punk subgenres—often sought to break from that format. In hardcore, the drumming is considerably faster, with lyrics often half shouted over aggressive guitars. In critic Steven Blush's description, "The Sex Pistols were still rock'n'roll...like the craziest version of Chuck Berry. Hardcore was a radical departure from that. It wasn't verse-chorus rock. It dispelled any notion of what songwriting is supposed to be. It's its own form".

Punk lyrics are typically frank and confrontational, and often comment on social and political issues. Trend-setting songs such as The Clash's "Career Opportunities" and Chelsea's "Right to Work" deal with unemployment, boredom, and other grim realities of urban life. The Sex Pistols songs "God Save the Queen" and "Anarchy in the U.K." openly disparaged the British political system. There is also a strain of anti-romantic depictions of relationships and sex, exemplified by the The Voidoids' "Love Comes in Spurts". According to Search and Destroy founder V. Vale, "Punk was a total cultural revolt. It was a hardcore confrontation with the black side of history and culture, right-wing imagery, sexual taboos, a delving into it that had never been done before by any generation in such a thorough way."

With Patti Smith as the groundbreaker, Siouxsie Sioux, The Slits, Pauline Murray, Nina Hagen, Gaye Advert, Poly Styrene, and other punk vocalists, songwriters, and instrumentalists introduced a new brand of femininity to rock music: "They adopted a tough, unladylike pose that borrowed more from the macho swagger of sixties garage bands than from the calculated bad-girl image of bands like The Runaways. They went beyond the leather outfits to the bondage gear of Sioux and the straight-from-the-gutter androgyny of Smith. They articulated a female rage that surpassed the anger of the women's movement of the sixties".

The classic punk look among male musicians harkens back to the T-shirt, motorcycle jacket, and jeans ensemble favored by American greasers of the 1950s associated with the rockabilly scene and by British rockers of the 1960s. In the 1980s, tattoos and piercings became increasingly common among punk musicians and their fans.

EMO

Emo is a genre of rock music. Since its inception, emo has come to describe several independent variations of music, linked loosely but with common ancestry. As such, use of the term has been the subject of much debate.

In its original incarnation, the term emo was used to describe a subgenre of hardcore punk which originated in the Washington, DC music scene of the mid-1980s. In later years, the term emocore, short for "emotional hardcore", was also used to describe the DC scene and some of the regional scenes that spawned from it. The term emo was derived from the fact that, on occasion, members of a band would become spontaneously and strongly emotional during performances. The most recognizable names of the period included Rites of Spring, Embrace, One Last Wish, Beefeater, Gray Matter, Fire Party, and, slightly later, Moss Icon. The first wave of emo began to fade after the breakups of most of the involved bands in the early 1990s.

Starting in the mid-1990s, the term emo began to reflect the indie scene that followed the influences of Fugazi, which itself was an offshoot of the first wave of emo. Bands including Sunny Day Real Estate and Texas Is the Reason put forth a more indie rock style of emo, more melodic and less chaotic in nature than its predecessor. The so-called "indie emo" scene survived until the late 1990s, as many of the bands either disbanded or shifted to mainstream styles.

As the remaining indie emo bands entered the mainstream, newer bands began to emulate the more mainstream style, creating a style of music that has now earned the moniker emo within popular culture. Whereas, even in the past, the term emo was used to identify a wide variety of bands, the breadth of bands listed under today's emo is even more vast, leaving the term "emo" as more of a loose identifier than as a specific genre of music.

The punk revival

and Along with Nirvana, many of the leading alternative rock artists of the early 1990s acknowledged earlier punk acts (both famous and obscure) as influences, helping to inspire a punk rock resurgence. In 1994, California punk bands like Green Day, The Offspring, RancidBad Religion had substantial crossover success with the aid of MTV and popular radio stations like KROQ-FM. Although Green Day and Bad Religion were already on major labels, indie record companies like Epitaph also benefited from punk's revival. Green Day and The Offspring's enormous commercial success paved the way for bankable pop punk bands such as blink-182, Simple Plan, Good Charlotte, and Sum 41 over the following decade. The Vans Warped Tour and the mall chain store Hot Topic brought punk even further into the U.S. cultural mainstream.

Following the lead of Boston's Mighty Mighty Bosstones and Long Beach, California's Sublime, ska punk and ska-core became widely popular in the late 1990s. The original 2 Tone bands had emerged amid punk rock's second wave, but their music was much closer to its Jamaican roots—"ska at 78 rpm." Ska punk bands in the third wave of ska created a true musical fusion with punk and hardcore. The success of Rancid's 1995 album ...And Out Come the Wolves helped fuel this ska revival, and ska punk bands such as Reel Big Fish and Less Than Jake continued to

The Offspring in concert in 2001

attract fans into the 2000s. Other bands with roots in hardcore, such as AFI, also had chart-topping records in the new millennium. Celtic punk, with bands such as Flogging Molly and Dropkick Murphys merging the sound of Oi! and The Pogues, reached broad audiences. The Australian punk rock tradition continued with groups such as Frenzal Rhomb, The Living End, and Bodyjar. A growing number of bands bridged the divide between punk and the rock styles it had originally rebelled against: "The Hold Steady, The Constantines, and...Call Me Lightning have drawn from punk and classic-rock history in equal doses, merging the former's spitfire energy with the latter's sense of larger-than-life grandeur."

With punk's renewed visibilty came concerns among some in the punk community that the music was being co-opted by the mainstream. Committed participants in the scene argued that by signing to major labels and appearing on MTV, punk bands like Green Day were buying into the system that punk was created to challenge. Many punk fans "despise 'corporate punk rock', typified by bands such as Sum 41 and Blink 182". Such controversies have been part of the punk phenomenon since The Clash were widely accused of "selling out" when they signed with CBS Records in 1977. By the 1990s, punk rock was sufficiently ingrained in Western culture that punk trappings were often used to market highly commercial bands as rebels. Marketers capitalized on the style and its connotations of hipness to such an extent that a 1993 ad campaign for an automobile, the Subaru Impreza, claimed that the car was "like punk rock". Although the commercial mainstream has exploited many elements of punk, numerous underground punk scenes still exist around the world.

Jazz

2007-05-03T12:00:00.000+07:00

Trumpeter and singer Louis Armstrong, a well-known jazz musician

Jazz has roots in the combination of West African and Western music traditions, including

spirituals, blues and ragtime, stemming from West Africa, western Sahel, and New England's religious hymns, hillbilly music, and European military band music. After originating in African American communities near the beginning of the 20th century, jazz styles spread in the 1920s, influencing other musical styles. The origins of the word jazz are uncertain. The word is rooted in American slang, and various derivations have been suggested. For the origin and history of the word jazz, see Origin of the word jazz.

Jazz is rooted in the blues, the folk music of former enslaved Africans in the U.S. South and their descendants, which is influenced by West African cultural and musical traditions that evolved as black musicians migrated to the cities. Jazz musician Wynton Marsalis states that "Jazz is something Negroes invented...the nobility of the race put into sound ... jazz has all the elements, from the spare and penetrating to the complex and enveloping."

The instruments used in marching bands and dance band music at the turn of century became the basic instruments of jazz: brass, reeds, and drums, using the Western 12-tone scale. A "...black musical spirit (involving rhythm and melody) was bursting out of the confines of European musical tradition [of the marching bands], even though the performers were using European styled instruments."

Small bands of black musicians, mostly self taught, who led funeral processions in New Orleans played a seminal role in the articulation and dissemination of early jazz, traveling throughout black communities in the Deep South and to northern cities.

The postbellum network of black-established schools, as well as civic societies and widening mainstream opportunities for education, produced more formally trained African-American musicians. Lorenzo Tio and Scott Joplin were schooled in classical European musical forms. Joplin, the son of a former slave and a free-born woman of color, was largely self-taught until age 11, when he received lessons in the fundamentals of music theory. Black musicians with formal music skills helped to preserve and disseminate the essentially improvisational musical styles of jazz.

The History of the Rock World

2006-09-08T13:46:00.000+07:00

The History of the Rock World
The spoiled party-life, drugs, alcohol, groupies and fame -the life of a rock star. But where did it all start? That is what I will be talking about in my oral, the history of the rock world. Now sit back and relax while I take you into the wild world of sex, drugs and rock and roll.
The 1950’s was the era that changed the world, the beginning of rock. It started in the United States as a combination of rhythm & blues, gospel, jazz, folk and country music. With this, rock music was born. Although teenagers loved the music it was hated by most parents, it was seen as sinful and immoral. Rock music began to conjure up a bad image, it had a reputation of being the devil’s music and it was said

Media and Technology

2006-09-04T16:22:00.000+07:00

The music that composers make can be heard through several media; the most traditional way is to hear it live, in the presence, or as one of, the musicians. Live music can also be broadcast over the radio, television or the internet. Some musical styles focus on producing a sound for a performance, while others focus on producing a recording which mixes together sounds which were never played "live". Recording, even of styles which are essentially live, often uses the ability to edit and splice to produce recordings which are considered "better" than the actual performance.

Since legislation introduced to help protect performers, composers, publishers and producers, including the Home Recording Act of 1992 in the United States, and the 1979 revised Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works in the United Kingdom, recordings and live performances have also become more accesible through computers, devices and Internet in a form that is commonly known as music-on-demand.

In many cultures, there is less distinction between performing and listening to music, as virtually everyone is involved in some sort of musical activity, often communal. In industrialized countries, listening to music through a recorded form, such as sound recording or watching a music video, became more common than experiencing live performance, roughly in the middle of the 20th century.

Sometimes, live performances incorporate prerecorded sounds. For example, a DJ uses disc records for scratching, and some 20th-century works have a solo for an instrument or voice that is performed along with music that is prerecorded onto a tape. Computers and many keyboards can be programmed to produce and play MIDI music. Audiences can also become the performers by using Karaoke, invented by the Japanese, which uses music video and tracks without voice, so the performer can add their voice to the piece.

Education

2006-09-01T15:56:00.000+07:00

Professional musicians in some cultures and musical genres compose, perform, and improvise music with no formal training. Musical genres where professional musicians are typically self-taught or where they learn through informal mentoring and creative exchanges include blues, punk, and popular music genres such as rock and pop.

Undergraduate university degrees in music, including the Bachelor of Music, the Bachelor of Music Education, and the Bachelor of Arts with a major in music typically take three to five years to complete. These degrees provide students with a grounding in music theory and music history, and many students also study an instrument or learn singing technique as part of their program.

Graduates of undergraduate music programs can go on to further study in music graduate programs. Graduate degrees include the Master of Music, the Master of Arts, the PhD, and more recently, the Doctor of Musical Arts, or DMA. The Master of Music degree, which takes one to two years to complete, is typically awarded to students studying the performance of an instrument or voice or composition. The Master of Arts degree, which takes one to two years to complete and often requires a thesis, is typically awarded to students studying musicology, music history, or music theory.

The PhD, which is required for students who want to work as university professors in musicology, music history, or music theory, takes three to five years of study after the Master's degree, during which time the student will complete advanced courses and undertake research for a dissertation. The Doctor of Musical Arts, or DMA is a relatively new degree that was created to provide a credential for professional performers or composers that want to work as university professors in musical performance or composition. The DMA takes three to five years after a Master's degree, and includes advanced courses, projects, and performances.

Music A - Z

2006-08-31T17:23:00.000+07:00

A:
A World Of Happiness (Perry Farrell & Debbie Harry) - The Patience Bossa (Dir. Gary Oldman)
Air - Playground Love (Dir. Sofia Coppola)
A Perfect Circle - 3 Libras (Dir. Paul Hunter)
A Perfect Circle - Counting Bodies
A Perfect Circle - Imagine
A Perfect Circle - Judith (Dir. David Fincher)
A Perfect Circle - Passive (Dir. The Brothers Straus)
A Perfect Circle - The Outsider (Dir. Mark Kohr)
A Perfect Circle - Weak & Powerless
Aphex Twin - Come To Daddy (Dir. Chris Cunningham)
Aphex Twin - Windowlicker (Dir. Chris Cunningham)
Amon Tobin - 4 Ton Mantis (Dir. Floria Sigismondi)

B:
Basement Jaxx - Red Alert (Dir. Brian Beletic)
Basement Jaxx - Where's Your Head At? (Dir. Traktor)
Beastie Boys - 3 MC's & 1 DJ (Dir. Nathaniel Hornblower)
Beastie Boys - Alive At Yauch's House (Dir. Nathaniel Hornblower)
Beastie Boys - Body Movin' (Dir. Nathaniel Hornblower)
Beastie Boys - Ch-Check It Out (Dir. Nathaniel Hornblower)
Beastie Boys - Gratitude (Dir. David Perez Shadi)
Beastie Boys - Hey Ladies (Dir. Adam Bernstein)
Beastie Boys - Intergalactic (Dir. Nathaniel Hornblower)
Beastie Boys - Netty's Girl (Dir. Nathaniel Hornblower)
Beastie Boys - Pass The Mic (Dir. Nathaniel Hornblower)
Beastie Boys - Right Right Now Now (Dir. Nathaniel Hornblower)
Beastie Boys - Root Down (Dir. Spike Jonze)
Beastie Boys - Sabatoge (Dir. Spike Jonze)
Beastie Boys - Shake Your Rump (Dir. Nathaniel Hornblower)
Beastie Boys - So What'cha Want (Dir. Nathaniel Hornblower)
Beastie Boys - Super Disco Breakin' (Live) (Dir. Nathaniel Hornblower)
Beastie Boys - Sure Shot (Dir. Spike Jonze & Nathaniel Hornblower)
Beastie Boys - Triple Trouble (Dir. Nathaniel Hornblower)
Beastie Boys - Triple Trouble (Non-explicit) (Dir. Nathaniel Hornblower)
Beck - Beercan (Dir. Steven Hanft)
Bjork - All Is Full Of Love (Dir. Chris Cunningham)
Bjork - Army Of Me (Dir. Michel Gondry)
Bjork - Bachelorette (Dir. Michel Gondry)
Bjork - Cocoon (Dir. Eriko Ishioka)
Bjork - Hidden Place (Dir. Lamsweerde, Matadin, Amzalag, & Augustymiak)
Bjork - Isobel (Dir. Michel Gondry)
Bjork - It's In Our Hands (Dir. Spike Jonze)
Bjork - It's Oh So Quiet (Dir. Spike Jonze)
Bjork - Nature Is Ancient (Dir. Lynn Fox, Bastian Glassner, Chris McKenzie, & Patrick Chen)
Bjork - Pagan Poetry (Dir. Nick Knight)
Bjork - Who Is It? (Dir. Dawn Shadford)
Black Flag - American Waste
Black Label Society - Stillborn (Dir. Rob Zombie)
Black Sabbath - Paranoid
Bloodhound Gang - Bad Touch (Dir. Richard Reines)
Bloodhound Gang - Ballad Of Chasey Lain (Dir. Cousin Mike)
Bloodhound Gang - Fire Water Burn (Dir. Michael Alperowitz)
Bloodhound Gang - Mope (Dir. Cousin Mike)
Bloodhound Gang - Why Is Everyone Always Picking On Me? (Dir. Michael Alperowitz)
Blur - Coffe & TV (Dir. Garth Jennings)
Blur - Crazy Beat (Dir. Shynola)
Blur - Good Song (Dir. Shynola)
Blur - The Universal (Dir. Jonathan Glazer)
Bob Marley - Get Up, Stand Up
Bob Marley - I Know A Place

C:
Cardigans - My Favorite Game (Dir. Jonas Akerlund)
Chemical Brothers - Believe (Dir. Dom & Nic)
Chris Cunningham - Rubber Johnny Promo (Dir. Chris Cunningham)
Chris Cunningham - Rubber Johnny Trailer (Dir. Chris Cunningham)
Chris Isaak - Wicked Game (Dir. David Lynch)
Cibo Matto - Sugar Water (Dir. Michel Gondry)
Coil - A Journey To Avenbury (Dir. Derek Jarman)
Courtney Love - Mono (Dir. Chris Milk)
Crispin Hellion Glover - Ben (Dir. Crispin Hellion Glover)

D:
Daft Punk - Around The World (Dir. Michel Gondry)
Daft Punk - Revolution 909 (Dir. Roman Coppola)
David Bowie - I'm Afraid of Americans (Dir. Dom & Nic)
David Bowie - Jump, They Say (Dir. Mark Romanek)
David Bowie - Modern Love (Dir. Jim Yukich)
David Bowie - Thursday's Child (Dir. Walter Stern)
Dead Boys - Sonic Reducer (Live CBGB's 1977)
Dead Kennedy's - Kill The Poor (Live 1979)
Death Cab For Cutie - The New Year (Dir. Jay Martin)
Depeche Mode - Dream On (Dir. StÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â©phane Sednaoui)
Depeche Mode - Strange Love (Dir. Martyn Atkins)
Devo - Whip It (Dir. Gerald V. Casale)
Diamanda Galas - Double Barrell Prayer (Dir. Peter "Sleazy" Christopherson)
Diamanda Galas - Do You Take This Man (Dir. Jon Reiss)
DJ Shadow - 6 Days (Dir. Wong Kar-Wai)
Dr. Dre - Nuthin' But A 'G' Thang (Dir. Andre Young)
Dresden Dolls - A Perfect Fit (Dir. Vince Packard)
Dresden Dolls - Coin-Operated Boy (Dir. Michael Pope)
Dresden Dolls - Girl Anachronism (Dir. Michael Pope)
Duran Duran - Rio (Dir. Russell Mulcahy)
Duran Duran - Save A Prayer (Dir. Russell Mulcahy)
Duran Duran - The Chauffer (Uncensored) (Dir. Ian Emes)
Duran Duran - The Reflex (Dir. Russell Mulcahy)
Duran Duran - Union Of The Snake (Dir. Simon Milne)

E:
Elliot Smith - Son Of Sam (Dir. Autumn DeWilde)
Elvis Costello - Monkey (Dir. Jesse Dylan)
Elvis Pressley - Don't Be Cruel (on Ed Sullivan)
Elvis Pressley - Too Much (on Ed Sullivan)
Emilie Simon - Desert (Dir. Philippe Andre)
Emilie Simon - Flowers (Dir. No Brain)
Eminem - Mosh
Eric Clapton - Pilgrim (Dir. Lili Fini Zanuck)
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F:
Fatboy Slim - Don't Let The Man Get You Down (Dir. Brian Beletic
Fatboy Slim - Gangster Trippin' (Dir. Roman Coppola)
Fatboy Slim - Weapon Of Choice (Dir. Mark Romanek)
Fionna Apple - Criminal (Dir. Mark Romanek)
Foetus - Butterfly Potion
Foetus - Verklemmt
Foo Fighters - Everlong (Dir. Michel Gondry)
Front 242 - Funkahdalfi (Live Dir. Serge Bergli)
Front 242 - Never Stop
Front 242 - Slaughter
Front 242 - Take One
Fugees - Killing Me Softly (Dir. Aswad Ayinde)

G:
Garbage - Androgony (Dir. Don Cameron)
Garbage - Breaking Up The Girl (Dir. Francis Lawrence)
Garbage - Milk (Dir. Stephane Sednaoui)
Garbage - Stupid Girl (Dir. Samuel Bayer)
Garbage - Only Happy When It Rains (Dir. Samuel Bayer)
Garbage - Vow (Dir. Samuel Bayer)
G. Love & Special Sauce - Cold Beverage (Dir. Mark Romanek)
Goldfrapp - Human (Dir. Jake Scott)
Gorillaz - Clint Eastwood (Dir. Jamie Hewlet & Pete Candeland)
Gorillaz - Feel Good Inc. (Dir. Jamie Hewlet)
Gorillaz - Rock It (Dir. Jamie Hewlet)
Green Day - Blvd. Of Broken Dreams (Dir. Samuel Bayer)
Green Day - Walking Contradiction (Dir. Roman Coppola)
Guns 'N' Roses - Sweet Child O' Mine (Dir. Nigel Dick)
Guns 'N' Roses - Welcome To The Jungle (Dir. Nigel Dick)

H:
His Name Is Alive - Are We Still Married? (Dir. The Brothers Quay)
His Name Is Alive - Can't Go Wrong Without You (Dir. The Brothers Quay)

I:
Ice-T - High Roller (Dir. Mitchell Sinoway)
Incubus - Meglomaniac (Dir. Floria Sigismondi)
Interpol - C'mere (Dir. Adam Levite)
Interpol - Evil (Dir. Charlie White)
Interpol - Obstacle 1 (Dir. Floria Sigismondi)
Interpol - Slow Hands (Dir. Daniel Levi)
Iron Maiden - Aces High (Dir. Jim Yukich & Kenny Feuerman)
Iron Maiden - Afraid To Shoot Strangers (Live)
Iron Maiden - Be Quick Or Be Dead
Iron Maiden - Bring Your Daughter...To The Slaughter
Iron Maiden - Fear Of The Dark
Iron Maiden - Flight Of The Icarus (Dir. Jim Yukich)
Iron Maiden - From Here To Eternity (Dir. Ralph Ziman)
Iron Maiden - Futureal
Iron Maiden - Hallowed Be Thy Name (Live)
Iron Maiden - Holy Smoke (Dir. Steve Harris)
Iron Maiden - No More Lies
Iron Maiden - Out Of The Silent Planet
Iron Maiden - Phantom Of The Opera (Live)
Iron Maiden - Revolations (Live)
Iron Maiden - Running Free (Live) (Dir. Jim Yukich)
Iron Maiden - Stranger In A Strange Land (Dir. Julian Caidan)
Iron Maiden - Tailgunner
Iron Maiden - The Angel And The Gambler (Dir. Simon Hilton)
Iron Maiden - The Clairvoyant (Live) (Dir. Toby Philips)
Iron Maiden - The Evil That Men Do (Live) (Dir. Toby Philips & Steve Harris)
Iron Maiden - The Number Of The Beast (Dir. David Mallet)
Iron Maiden - The Rime Of The Ancient Mariner (Live)
Iron Maiden - The Trooper (Live) (Dir. David Mallet)
Iron Maiden - The Wicker Man (Dir. Dean Karr)
Iron Maiden - Two Minutes To Midnight (Dir. Jim Yukich)
Iron Maiden - Virus
Iron Maiden - Wasted Years (Dir. Jim Yukich)
Iron Maiden - Wrath Child (Dir. David Hillier)

J:
Jay-Z - 99 Problems (Dir. Mark Romanek)
Jimi Hendrix - All Along The Watchtower
John Lennon - Cold Turkey
John Lennon - Give Peace A Chance
John Lennon - Happy X-Mas
John Lennon - Just Like Starting Over (Dir. Joe Pytka)
John Lennon - Love
John Lennon - Mind Games
John Lennon - Mother
John Lennon - Stand By Me
John Lennon - Watching The Whee
John Lennon - Woman
John Lennon - Working Class Hero (Dir. Bruce Wescott & Brian Vosko)
Johnny Cash - Hurt (Dir. Mark Romanek)
Jon Spencer Blues Explosion - She Said (Dir. Floria Sigismondi)
Joy Division - Atmosphere (Dir. Anton Corbijn)
Joy Division - Love Will Tear Us Apart
Joy Divison - She's Lost Control
Joy Division - Shadowplay
Joy Division - Transmission

K:
KISS - Rock And Roll All Night (From 'That 70's Show)

L:
Lacquer - Behind (Dir. Michel & Olivier Gondry)
Lauren Hill - Doo Wap (That Thing) (Dir. Big TV)
Leftfield - Africa (Shox) (Dir. Chris Cunningham)
Lenny Kravitz - Are You Gonna Go My Way? (Dir. Mark Romanek)
Lenny Kravitz - Believe (Dir. Roman Coppola)
Lenny Kravitz - Fly Away (Dir. Paul Hunter)
Lenny Kravitz - If You Can't Say No (Dir. Mark Romanek)
Leonard Cohen - In My Secret Life (Dir. Floria Sigismondi)
L.F.O. - Freak (Dir. Daniel Levi)
Living Things - Bombs Below (Dir. Floria Sigismondi)
Living Things - I Owe (Dir. Floria Sigismondi)
LL Cool J - Backseat
LL Cool J - Big Ol' Butt
LL Cool J - Doin' It (Dir. Hype Williams)
LL Cool J - Going Back To Cali (Dir. Rick Menello)
LL Cool J - Hey Lover (Dir. Hype Williams)
LL Cool J - I Need Love (Dir. Rolando Hudson)
LL Cool J - I Shot Ya
LL Cool J - Imagine That (Dir. Hype Williams & LL Cool J)
LL Cool J - I'm Bad
LL Cool J - I'm That Type Of Guy (Dir. Scott Kalvert)
LL Cool J - Loungin' (Dir. Hype Williams)
LL Cool J - Luv U Better (Dir. Benny Boom)
LL Cool J - Mama Said Knock You Out (Dir. Paris Barclay)
LL Cool J - Phenomenon (Dir. Paul Hunter)
LL Cool J - Pink Cookies
LL Cool J - You And Me (Dir. Little X)

M:
Madonna - American Life (Dir. Jonas Akerlund)
Madonna - American Pie (Dir. Philipp Stoezl)
Madonna - Bad Girl (Dir. David Fincher)
Madonna - Beautiful Stranger (Dir. Brett Ratner)
Madonna - Buenos Aires (Dir. Alan Parker)
Madonna - Burning Up (Dir. Steve Barron)
Madonna - Cherish (Dir. Herb Ritts)
Madonna - Deeper and Deeper (Dir. Bobby Woods)
Madonna - Die Another Day (Dir. Traktor)
Madonna - Don't Cry For Me Argentina (Dir. Alan Parker)
Madonna - Don't Tell Me (Dir. Jean-Baptiste Mondino)
Madonna - Everybody (Dir. Ed Steinberg)
Madonna - Express Yourself (Dir. David Fincher)
Madonna - Fever (Dir. Stephane Sednaoui)
Madonna - Frozen (Dir. Chris Cunningham)
Madonna - Hollywood (Dir. Jean-Baptiste Mondino)
Madonna - Human Nature (Dir. Jean-Baptiste Mondino)
Madonna - I'll Remember (Dir. Alek Keshishian)
Madonna - Into The Grove (Live) (Dir. Egbert van Hees)
Madonna - I Want You (Dir. Earle Sebastian)
Madonna - Justify My Love (Dir. Jean-Baptiste Mondino)
Madonna - La Isle Bonita (Dir. Mary Lambert)
Madonna - Like A Prayer (Dir. Mary Lambert)
Madonna - Love Profusion (Dir. Luc Besson)
Madonna - Lucky Star (Dir. Arthur Pierson)
Madonna - Material Girl (Dir. Mary Lambert)
Madonna - Music (Dir. Jonas Akerlund)
Madonna - Nothing Really Matters (Dir. Johan Renck)
Madonna - Oh Father (Dir. David Fincher)
Madonna - Open Your Heart (Dir. Jean-Baptiste Mondino)
Madonna - Papa Don't Preach (Dir. James Foley)
Madonna - Rain (Dir. Mark Romanek)
Madonna - Ray Of Light (Dir. Jonas Akerlund)
Madonna - Secret (Dir. Melodie McDaniel)
Madonna - Sustitute For Love (Dir. Walter Stern)
Madonna - Take A Bow (Dir. Michael Haussman)
Madonna - The Power Of Goodbye (Dir. Mathew Rolston)
Madonna - This Used To Be My Playground (Dir. Alek Keshishian)
Madonna - Thunderpuss GHV2 Megamix (Dir. Dago Gonzales)
Madonna - Vogue (Dir. David Fincher)
Madonna - Who's That Girl? (Dir. Peter Rosenthal)
Madonna - You'll See (Dir. Michael Haussman)
Madonna - You Must Love Me (Dir. Alan Parker)
Marianne Faithful - Sex With Strangers (Dir. Roman Coppola)
Marilyn Manson - Angel With The Scabbed Wings (Live)
Marilyn Manson - Beautiful People (Dir. Floria Sigismondi)
Marilyn Manson - Cryptochild (Dir. E. Elias Merhige)
Marilyn Manson - Disposable Teens (Dir. Samuel Bayer)
Marilyn Manson - Personal Jesus
Marilyn Manson - Sweet Dreams (Dir. Dean Karr)
Marilyn Manson - The Dope Show (Dir. Paul Hunter)
Marilyn Manson - Torniquet (Dir. Floria Sigismondi)
Massive Attack - Angel (Dir. Walter Stern)
Massive Attack - Butterfly Caught (Dir. Daniel Levi)
Massive Attack - Teardrop (Dir. Walter Stern)
Mathew Sweet - Sick of Myself (Dir. Roman Coppola)
Mathew Sweet - We're The Same (Dir. Roman Coppola)
Metallica - One (Dir. Michael Salomon & Bill Pope)
Method Man - How High (Dir. Diane Martel)
Method Man - Judgement Day (Dir. Seb Janiak)
Michael Jackson - Thriller (Dir. John Landis)
Mick Jagger - God Gave Me Everything I Want (Dir. Mark Romanek)
Ministry - Just One Fix (Dir. Peter "Sleezy" Christopherson)
Ministry - N.W.O. (Dir. Peter "Sleezy" Christopherson)
Ministry - What About Us? (Dir. Stephen Speilberg)
Moby - Honey (Dir. Roman Coppola)
Moby - In This World (Dir. Stylewar)
Moby - Run On (Dir. Mike Mills)

N:
New Order - 60 Miles An Hour (Dir. Robert Leggatt & Leigh Marling)
New Order - Bizarre Love Triangle (Dir. Robert Longo)
New Order - Blue Monday
New Order - Blue Monday '88 (Dir. Robert Breer & William Wegman)
New Order - Fine Time (Dir. Richard Heslop)
New Order - Here To Stay (Dir. Paul Gore)
New Order - In A Lonely Place
New Order - Shellshock (Dir. Rick Elgood)
New Order - Spooky (Dir. Richard Heslop)
New Order - State Of The Nation
New Order - Touched By The Hand Of God (Dir. Kathryne Bigelow)
New Order - World (Live)
New York Dolls - Trash (Live Dick Kirschner's Rock Concert 1972)
Nick Cave (feat. Kylie Minogue) - Where The Wild Roses Grow (Dir. Rocky Schenk)
Nietzche - La Question
Nine Inch Nails - Burn (Dir. Hank Corwin & Trent Reznor)
Nine Inch Nails - Closer (Dir. Mark Romanek)
Nine Inch Nails - Deep (Dir. Enda McCallion)
Nine Inch Nails - Down In It (Dir. Eric Zimmerman & Benjamin Stokes)
Nine Inch Nails - Down In It (Live)
Nine Inch Nails - Gave Up (Dir. Jon Reiss)
Nine Inch Nails - Gone Still (Studio)
Nine Inch Nails - Happiness In Slavery (Dir. Jon Reiss)
Nine Inch Nails - Head Like A Hole (Dir. Eric Zimmerman)
Nine Inch Nails - Hurt (Live) (Dir. Simon Maxwell)
Nine Inch Nails - Into The Void (Dir. Walter Stern & Jeff Ritcher)
Nine Inch Nails - March Of The Pigs (Dir. Peter "Sleazy" Christopherson & Trent Reznor)
Nine Inch Nails - March Of The Pigs (Live Southside 2000)
Nine Inch Nails - Pinion (Dir. Eric Goode & Serge Becker)
Nine Inch Nails - Sin (Live Roskilde 2000)
Nine Inch Nails - Something I Can Never Have (Studio)
Nine Inch Nails - Somewhat Damaged (Live From Europe)
Nine Inch Nails - Starfuckers, Inc. (Dir. Robert Hales & Marilyn Manson)
Nine Inch Nails - The Becoming (Studio)
Nine Inch Nails - The Frail / The Wretched (Dir. Rob Sheriden)
Nine Inch Nails - The Hands That Feeds (Dir. Rob Sheriden & Trent Reznor)
Nine Inch Nails - The Perfect Drug (Dir. Mark Romanek)
Nine Inch Nails - Wish (Dir. Peter "Sleazy" Christopherson)
Nine Inch Nails - Wish (Live) (Dir. Simon Maxwell)
Nirvana - Aneurysm (Live MTV)
Nirvana - Come As You Are (Dir. Kevin Kerslake)
Nirvana - Come As You Are (Unplugged)
Nirvana - Drain You (Live MTV)
Nirvana - Heart Shaped Box (Dir. Anton Corbijn)
Nirvana - In Bloom (Dir. Kevin Kerslake)
Nirvana - Lithium (Dir. Kevin Kerslake & Mark Racco)
Nirvana - Molly's Lips (Live MTV)
Nirvana - Polly (Live MTV)
Nirvana - Rape Me (Live on SNL)
Nirvana - School (Live MTV)
Nirvana - Sliver (Dir. Kevin Kerslake)
Nirvana - Smells Like Teen Spirit (Dir. Samuel Bayer)
No Doubt - A Simple Kind Of Life (Dir. Sophie Muller)
No Doubt - Hella Good (Dir. Mark Romanek)
No Doubt - It's My Life (Dir. David LaChapelle)
No Doubt - New (Dir. Jake Scott)
No Doubt - Underneath It All (Dir. Logan)
NWA - 100 Miles And Runnin' (Dir. Eric Meza)

O:
ohGr - craCKer (Dir. William Morrison)
ohGr - maJIK (Dir. William Morrison)
ohGr - miNUS (Live 2001)
Orgy - Dreams In Digital (Dir. Nic Mathieu)
Outkast - Hey Ya (Dir. Bryan Barber)
Outkast - Miss Jackson (Dir. F. Gary Gray)

P:
Pantara - Planet Caravan (Dir. Michael Boydstun)
Pantera - This Love
Patti Smith - Don't Smoke In Bed (Dir. Melodie McDaniel)
Paul Simon - You Can Call Me Al (Dir. Gary Weis)
Pearl Jam - Do The Evolution (Dir. Todd McFarlane & Kevin Altieri)
Pearl Jam - Jeremy (Dir. Mark Pellington)
Pink Floyd - Jugband Blues
PJ Harvey - The Letter (Dir. Maria Mochnacz)
PJ Harvey - What The fu** (Dir. Maria Mochnacz)
Porno For Pyros - Cursed Female (Dir. Melodie McDaniel)
Portishead - Only You (Dir. Chris Cunningham)
Portishead - To Kill A Dead Man (Short Film)
Primus - Over The Falls (Dir. Les Claypool)
Primus - Shake Hands With Beef (Dir. Les Claypool)
Primus - South Bound Pachyderm (Dir. Les Claypool)
Primus - Wynona's Big Brown Beaver (Dir. Les Claypool)
Prince - Musicology (Dir. Sanaa Hamri)
Prodigy - Breathe (Dir. Walter Stern)
Prodigy - Hot Ride (Dir. Daniel Levi)
Prodigy - Smack My bi** Up (Dir. Jonas Akerland)
Public Enemy - 911 Is A Joke (Dir. Spike Lee)
Public Enemy - Black Steel In The Hour Of Chaos
Public Enemy - Bring The Noise (Live)
Public Enemy - Can't Truss It (Dir. Eric Meza)
Public Enemy - Fight The Power (Dir. Spike Lee)
Public Enemy - Rebel Without A Pause (Live)

Q:
Queen - Innuendo (Dir. Jerry Hibbert & Rudi Dolezal & Hannes Rossacher)
Queen - I Want To Break Free (Dir. David Mallet)
Queen - Radio Gaga (Dir. David Mallet)
Queen - These Are The Days Of Our Lives (Dir. J. Mitchell & Rudi Dolezal & Hannes Rossacher)
Queens of the Stone Age - Go With The Flow (Dir. Shynola)

R:
Radiohead Blip - Basement Bear (Dir. Shynola)
Radiohead Blip - Bear Witch (Dir. Shynola)
Radiohead Blip - Dead Air (Dir. Shynola)
Radiohead Blip - Drown (Dir. Shynola)
Radiohead Blip - Eyes (Dir. Shynola)
Radiohead Blip - Geese (Dir. Shynola)
Radiohead Blip - Giant (Dir. Shynola)
Radiohead Blip - Planes (Dir. Shynola)
Radiohead Blip - Scarecrows (Dir. Shynola)
Radiohead Blip - Six Million Thom (Dir. Shynola)
Radiohead Blip - Stars (Dir. Shynola)
Radiohead Blip - Thom Over Planes (Dir. Shynola)
Radiohead Blip - Valley (Dir. Shynola)
Radiohead Blip - Wake Up (Dir. Shynola)
Radiohead Blip - White Mountains (Dir. Shynola)
Radiohead Blip - Yetti (Dir. Shynola)
Radiohead - Fake Plastic Trees (Dir. Jake Scott)
Radiohead - Karma Police (Dir. Jonathan Glazer)
Radiohead - Like Spinning Plates (Dir. Laurent Briet)
Radiohead - Pyramid Song (Dir. Shynola)
Radiohead - Street Spirit (Dir. Jonathan Glazer)
Radiohead - There, There (Dir. Chris Hopewell)
Rammstein - Amerika
Rammstein - Du Hast (Dir. Philipp Stolzl)
Rammstein - Du Riechst So Gut (Philipp Stolzl)
Rammstein - Ich Will (Dir. JÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¶rn Heitmann)
Rammstein - Keine Lust (Dir. JÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¶rn Heitmann)
Rammstein - Links 2,3,4 (Dir. Zoren Bihac)
Rammstein - Mein Teil
Rammstein - Sonne
Ramones - Rock 'N' Roll High School (Dir. Mike Ramsey)
Red Hot Chili Peppers - By The Way (Johnathan Dayton & Valerie Faris)
Red Hot Chili Peppers - Can't Stop (Dir. Mark Romanek)
R.E.M. - At My Most Beautiful (Dir. Nigel Dick)
R.E.M. - Everybody Hurts (Dir. Jake Scott)
R.E.M. - It's The End Of The World (Dir. James Herbert)
R.E.M. - Strange Currencies (Dir. Mark Romanek)
Rex The Dog - Prototype (Dir. Laurent Briet)
Richard Ashcroft - A Song For The Lovers (Dir. Jonathan Glazer)
Rob Zombie - Dragula (Dir. Rob Zombie)
Rob Zombie - Feel So Numb (Dir. Rob Zombie)
Rob Zombie - Living Dead Girl (Dir. Rob Zombie)
Rob Zombie - Never Gonna Stop (Dir. Rob Zombie)
Rob Zombie - Superbeast (Dir. Rob Zombie)
Rocky Horror Picture Show - Time Warp (Dir. Jim Sharman)
Rollins Band - Disconnect (Dir. Ted Demme)
Rollins Band - Get Some (Dir. Modi)
Rollins Band - Liar (Dir. Anton Corbijn)
Rollins Band - Rise Above
Run DMC - Christmas In Hollis (Dir. Michael Holman)
Run DMC - It's Tricky
Run DMC - Mary, Mary
Run DMC - Rock Box
Run DMC - The Ave.

S:
Sex Pistols - My Way
Sigur Rios - Untitled #1 (Dir. Floria Sigismondi)
SinÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â©ad O'Conner - Fire On Babylon (Dir. Michel Gondry)
Sisters of Mercy - We Are The Same, Susanne (Live)
Sister Machine Gun - Not My God (Dir. Paul Andresen & George Dougherty)
Sister Machine Gun - Wired (Dir. Paul Andresen)
Skinny Puppy - Assimilate
Smashing Pumpkins - 1979 (Dir. Jonathan Dayton & Valerie Faris)
Smashing Pumpkins - Disarm (Dir. Jake Scott)
Smashing Pumpkins - Tonight, Tonight (Dir. Jonathan Dayton & Valerie Faris)
Social Distortion - Under My Thumb - 1945
Sonic Youth - 100% (Dir. Spike Jonze)
Sonic Youth - Addicted To Love (Dir. Kim Gordon)
Sonic Youth - Cinderella's Big Score
Sonic Youth - Death Valley '69 (Dir. Richard Kern)
Sonic Youth - Diamond Sea (Dir. Lance Bangs & Spike Jonze & Dave Markey & Steve Paine & Angus Wall)
Sonic Youth - Dirty Boots (Dir. Tamra Davis)
Sonic Youth - Disappearer
Sonic Youth - Echoscam Studio Tour
Sonic Youth - Electronic Press Kit
Sonic Youth - The Empty Page
Sonic Youth - Goo (Bored)
Sonic Youth - I Love You Golden Blue
Sonic Youth - Inhuman
Sonic Youth - I Wann Be Yr Dog (Live With Iggy Pop)
Sonic Youth - Mary Christ
Sonic Youth - Mildred Pierce
Sonic Youth - Mote
Sonic Youth - Murray Street Mini-Doc (Part 1)
Sonic Youth - Murray Street Mini-Doc (Part 2)
Sonic Youth - Murray Street Mini-Doc (Part 3)
Sonic Youth - My Friend Goo
Sonic Youth - Piano Piece #13
Sonic Youth - Providence
Sonic Youth - Schizophrenia (Live)
Sonic Youth - Scooter & Jinx (Dir. Richard Kern)
Sonic Youth - Superstar (Dir. David Markey)
Sonic Youth - Teenage Riot (Dir. Sonic Youth)
Sonic Youth - Titanium Expose
Sonic Youth - Tunic
Soundgarden - Black Hole Sun (Dir. Howard Greenhalgh)
Soundgarden - Blow Up The Outside World (Dir. Gerald V. Casale)
Squarepusher - Come On My Selector (Dir. Chris Cunningham)
Sugarcubes - Birthday (Dir. Fridrik Fridriksson)

T:
The Beatles - Help! (on Ed Sullivan)
The Beatles - Hey Jude
The Beatles - I Want To Hold Your Hand (on Ed Sullivan)
The Beatles - She Loves You (on Ed Sullivan)
The Clash - Should I Stay Or Should I Go
The Cramps - Garbageman
The Cramps - Human Fly (Live 1980)
The Cure - Alt. End (Dir. The Saline Project)
The Cure - Taking Off (Dir. The Saline Project)
The Cure - The End Of The World (Dir. Floria Sigismondi)
The Darkness - I Believe In A Thing Called Love (Dir. Alex Smith)
The Donnas - Strutter (Dir. Jude Weng)
The Donnas - Too Bad About Your Girl (Dir. Charles Jensen)
The Doors - Break On Through
The Strokes - 12:51 (Dir. Roman Coppola)
The Strokes - Hard To Explain (Dir. Roman Coppola)
The Verve - Bittersweet Symphony (Dir. Walter Stern)
The Village People - YMCA
The Vines - Get Free (Dir. Roman Coppola)
The White Stripes - Fell In Love With A Girl (Dir. Michel Gondry)
The White Stripes - I Just Don't Know What To Do With Myself (Dir. Sofia Coppola)
The White Stipes - The Hardest Button To Button (Dir. Michel Gondry)
Throbbing Gristle - Discipline
Tom Waits - Sparkle Horse (Dir. The Brothers Quay)
Tool - Aenema (Dir. Adam Jones)
Tool - Hush
Tool - Prison Sex (Dir. Fred Stuhr)
Tool - Schism (Dir. Adam Jones)
Tool - Sober (Dir. Fred Stuhr)
Tool - Stinkfist (Dir. Adam Jones)
Tricky - Makes Me Wanna Die

U:
U2 - Even Better Than The Real Thing (Dir. Kevin Godley)
U2 - Hold Me, Thrill Me, Kiss Me, Kill Me (Dir. Kevin Godley & Maurice Linnane)
U2 - I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For (Dir. Barry Devlin)
U2 - With Or Without You (Dir. Maurice Linnane)
U.N.K.L.E. - Be There (Dir. Jake Scott)
U.N.K.L.E. - Rabbit In Your Headlights (Dir. Jonathan Glazer)
U.N.K.L.E. - Reign (Dir. Daniel Askill)

V:
Van Halen - Can't Stop Loving You (Dir. Peter "Sleazy" Christopherson)
Van Halen - Poundcake (Dir. Andy Morahan)

W:
Ween - Voodoo Lady (Dir. Roman Coppola)
Whitesnake - Here I Go Again (Dir. Marty Callner)
Wierd Al Yankovich - Smells Like Nirvana (Dir. Jay Levey)
Wyclef Jean (feat. Mary J. Blyge) - 911 (Dir. Marcus Raboy)
Wyclef Jean - Another One Bites The Dust (Dir. Michel Gondry)
Wyclef Jean - We Tryin' To Stay Alive (Dir. Roman Coppola)

X:

Y:
Yeah, Yeah, Yeahs - Date With The Night (Dir. Patrick Daughters)

http://www.divxcrawler.com/music.htm

Aspects of music

2006-08-30T17:21:00.000+07:00

The traditional or classical European aspects of music often listed are those elements given primacy in European-influenced classical music: melody, harmony, rhythm, tone color or timbre, and form. A more comprehensive list is given by stating the aspects of sound: pitch, timbre, loudness, and duration. ¹ These aspects combine to create secondary aspects including structure, texture and style. Other commonly included aspects include the spatial location or the movement in space of sounds, gesture, and dance.

Silence has long been considered an aspect of music, ranging from the dramatic pauses in Romantic-era symphonies to the avant-garde use of silence as an artistic statement in 20th century works such as John Cage's 4'33."John Cage considers duration the primary aspect of music because it is the only aspect common to both "sound" and "silence."

As mentioned above, not only do the aspects included as music vary, their importance varies. For instance, melody and harmony are often considered to be given more importance in classical music at the expense of rhythm and timbre. It is often debated whether there are aspects of music that are universal. The debate often hinges on definitions. For instance, the fairly common assertion that "tonality" is universal to all music requires an expansive definition of tonality.

A pulse is sometimes taken as a universal, yet there exist solo vocal and instrumental genres with free, improvisational rhythms with no regular pulse;² one example is the alap section of a Hindustani music performance. According to Dane Harwood, "We must ask whether a cross-cultural musical universal is to be found in the music itself (either its structure or function) or the way in which music is made. By 'music-making,' I intend not only actual performance but also how music is heard, understood, even learned."

Music is the correct way of coordinating time using the structures of sounds or tones and silence and creating a positive feeling to the person.

2006-08-30T16:17:00.000+07:00

The broadest definition of music is organised sound. There are observable patterns to what is broadly labeled music, and while there are understandable cultural variations, the properties of music are the properties of sound as perceived and processed by humans.

A more conservative definition would be: Music is harmonious sound created by the playing of instruments as a whole or individually. It is a direct expression of human emotions designed to manipulate and transform the emotion of the listener/listeners. Music is designed to be felt unlike sound which is heard.

Greek philosophers and medieval theorists defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies, and vertically as harmonies. Music theory, within this realm, is studied with the presupposition that music is orderly and often pleasant to hear. However, in the 20th century, composers challenged the notion that music had to be pleasant by creating music that explored harsher, darker timbres. The existence of some modern-day genres such as death metal and grindcore, which enjoy an extensive underground following, indicate that even the harshest sounds can be considered music if the listener is so inclined.

20th century composer John Cage disagreed with the notion that music was pleasant melodies. Instead, he argued that any sounds we can hear can be music, saying, for example, "There is no noise, only sound,"[1]. According to musicologist Jean-Jacques Nattiez (1990 p.47-8,55): "The border between music and noise is always culturally defined--which implies that, even within a single society, this border does not always pass through the same place; in short, there is rarely a consensus.... By all accounts there is no single and intercultural universal concept defining what music might be."

The composer Anton Webern stated "With me, things never turn out as I wish, but only as is ordained for me-as I must", which sets out his view of the underlying generative process of music. The German philosopher Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe believed that patterns and forms were the basis of music; he stated that "architecture is frozen music."